The Influence of Nigerian Television Authority in Improving Rural Health Care Services

The Influence of Nigerian Television Authority (N.T.A.) Enugu in Improving Rural Health Care Services: A Study of Ugwuaji Community of Enugu South Local Government Area, Enugu State

Table of Contents

Title page i

Approval page ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgements vi

Table of contents v

Abstract viii

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 6

1.3 Objectives of the study 6

1.4 Research Questions 7

1.5 Significance of the study 7

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the study 8

1.7 Operational Definition of terms 8

1.8 Assumptions of the study 9

CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 10
2.1 Sources of Literature 10
2.2 Review of Related Literature 14
2.2.1 Information Dissemination as a strategy for
Improving Rural Health Care Sources 11
2.2.2 Television and Rural Improvement, An Overview 12
2.2.3 The Concept of Broadcasting 13
2.2.4 The Effect of Media on Rural Development 14
2.2.5 Media in Relation to Rural Development 24
2.2.6 The Media a Potential Tool for
Encouraging Rural Development 15
2.3 Theoretical Framework: Diffusion of Innovation Theory 17
2.4 Summary of Literature Reviewed 23
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Research Design 25
3.2 Population of study 25
3.3 Sample and sampling Technique 25
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection 26
3.5 Validity of the Instrument 26
3.6 Method of Data Collection 27
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 37
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Analysis and Result
4.1 Data Analysis 28
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion of Findings 39
5.2 Conclusions 40
5.3 Recommendations 41
References
Appendix

Abstract

This study examines the influence of N.T.An Enugu in improving rural health care services in Ugwuaji community in carrying out this research both primary and secondary data was used and the researcher made use of sample size of 360 respondents across the local government area. Descriptive statistics were used and the findings showed that N.T.A play notable roles in improving rural health care services by informing the government on the poor state of health services in the Ugwuaji community as noted by 27.8% of respondents sensitizing, the rural populace (Ugwuaji community to appreciate and participate in government health programs as noted by 47.22% of respondents mobilizing the masses for positive actions towards health improvement e.g environmental sanitation nutrition e.t.c as noted by 100% of respondents. This research, therefore, builds its foundation on the affirmation of the diffusion of innovation theory which shows the ability of the media to sensitize the audience on the existence of some diseases and mobilize them towards accepting some decisions or strategies that will help to improve the general health of the rural dwellers. This research thereby recommends that government should regularly sponsor health programs in N.T.A. The government should provide infrastructural facilities such as good roads, electricity, and telecommunications, and also government should improve the literacy level of rural dwellers for them to participate in health programs.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Health is the most essential ingredient of life, deny man of that, he remains impotent in life. People do not value their good state of health until they have experienced one form of sickness or another.

However, as it is being said that health is wealth, issues of health have overwhelmed our daily comments since the revolution of science.

According to records, sickness of various kinds has endangered the life of various citizens of Nigeria before, during, and after the reign of colonial masters.

Even at present people of Nigeria among other developing countries sign our detriment of sickness especially communication diseases like syphilis, AIDS, etc.

On the other hand, the communication system during the era was at its functional stage. The people of third-world countries rely on local communication for their exchange of ideas. The use of metal and wooden gong gunshots and smokes do not impact much information to people and some knew they are selective in nature and health messages are retarded.

Communication came and persisted in its function to enthrone philosophers and scientists’ quest to standardize the health welfare of people, communication has modernized people of the Third World and made them embrace changes in their health environment. One would say that since the advent of the modern communication system, health issues have embraced a new and prosperous era in society.

Communication functions to educate, inform, and enculturation the people on the novel Medicare. Since then, the policy of health has been a dynamic ongoing process, less academia would ask mullion questions on the immunization programs since sickness has been pervasive, government, non-governmental organizations, and individuals are to fight it to a stop through the media.

Just as communication is indispensable in any human activity, Nigerian Television Authority as a broadcasting medium nearest to the Ugwuoji community is very vital to the sensitization of the rural areas or a large, heterogeneous people for any activity that is of interest to them.

The importance of communication in our daily lives cannot be over-emphasized. Communication is central to human existence and all human activities that it will be hard for any person, group, institution, or any nation to neglect in their economic, political, health, and social lives. It is the most essential factor for building or developing an organized, united, healthy, or progressive nation or society.

If N.T.A. Enugu does not play any role in improving rural health care services, there will be no effective solution to rural health problems especially on preventing the most rampant sickness which is malaria in the rural area.

Based on the facts above, one can say that any communication through television should occupy a key position in the interest of this research. The improvement of the rural health care services is one of the cardinal objectives of the Nigerian government since the nation’s independence. In suggesting a plan or a design for a health care system of the rural area in Nigeria, government planners are ever conscious of a feeling that they are working in “in vacuo”. This is due to the lack of extensive and detailed factual information as regards the state of the existing health care services which also have relevance to the needs of the communities. They are designed to serve, but should also be with the resources of the states of the nation concerned. Hence it would be to assume the existence of adequate financial support, manpower of various kinds, and physical facilities, including equipment and suppliers.

In addition, it would be illogical to ignore the existence of administrative and operational structures, which will be to ensure adequate and timely logistic support.

It is almost impossible to design a system of health care service which applies to every rural area in Nigeria given the different socio-economic conditions. Each state or local government thus has to assess the available alternatives, consider its problems and then decide on priorities and organization.

This assessment may result in changing or modifying an existing system or even involving new concepts. It is, however, important to state that Nigeria is developing rapidly and modernizing at the same time, and it should be realized fully that health care can help or hinder such a process. Health care services in Nigeria are very inadequate and disease is treated to the efficiency of the population. This threat is nowhere more glaring than in rural areas, where very little has been done to ascertain the rural needs of the people and to plan to meet them with available resources.

Expenditure on health in Nigeria has, therefore, so far failed to cover the essential actions necessary to provide for the basic health needs of the greater proportion of the people.

The objective of any system is usually to provide basic health care to the rural areas of Nigeria where more than 70 percent of the people live so that care is available to all the people all the time and as near as possible to their homes. This is done within the resources available to the state and local governments of Nigeria and in their socio-economic context, to promote the principles on which the World Health Organization (W.H.O) is founded. These principles, according to Nzewi (2001) are as follows:

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmities.

The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition. The health of all people is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent upon the fullest cooperation of individuals and states. The achievement of any state on the promotion and protection of health is of value to all unequal development in different countries in the promotion of health and control of disease, especially communicable disease. The absence of this is a common danger. The healthy development of the child is of basic importance, the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment is essential to such development. The extension to all people of the benefits of medical psychological and related knowledge to the fullest attainable standard of health informed opinion and active co-operation on the part of the public is of utmost importance in the improvement of the health of the people.

Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. The desire to improve the health care services as well as to disseminate the information to the mass as on the attitudes that guarantee health living in Nigeria had made the government recognize the importance of N.T.A. on the promotion of health care services.

In this regard, the media had been widely used in health campaigns across the country. Some of the most popular of such campaigns were successfully carried out through the media (N.T.A.). Some of the most popular campaigns is Roll Back malaria program, immunization program in addition, during these campaigns, Nigerian Television Authority (N.T.A.) was used for highlighting major health hazard
and to suggest strategies for ameliorating the health conditions of the rural peoples.

In other words, Nigerian Television Authority (N.T.A.) was used to present the health problems of the rural people and possible solution is easily understood in terms and forms. Besides, in the 1960s and 1970’s Nigeria; ignorance on health issues was tortured by the epidemic of child diseases especially in the early 70’s and late 60’s.

Also, epidemic sexual transmitted diseases like Gonorrhea peppered the youths, married men, and women. During this period, over 20,000 citizens especially children between the ages of one to ten years lost their lives. This is because people in the rural areas dwell more on roots and herbs with little or no precautions.

These threatened the health of the nation and then pushed the country for campaign relieve people from these predicaments.

Furthermore, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a recently recognized disease throughout the world. First, it is caused by infection with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) which attacks selected cells in the immune system and produces defects in function.

AIDS cases were first reported in 1981 in the U.S.A. because it was common among homosexuals then it was originally termed “Gay related immune deficiency virus (HIV). Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) which compares as a channel of mass communication has been empowered by recent technological innovations to disseminate relevant information to the rural areas on the hazard of this endless sickness, such sickness is like measles, tetanus and whooping cough have reduced its victimization to the members of the society in the recent days.

Consequently, the benefits of immunization programs cannot be over-emphasized. At present, children, youths, and even adults of age are relieved from contaminating diseases. The Nigerian Television Authority was chosen as a case study in determining the role it plays as a broadcast medium in improving rural health because it is the most effective and nearer to people of the Ugwuaji community.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The problem is to investigate the extent to which television stations have influenced or have helped to improve rural health care services in the Ugwuaji community. Since it is necessary to accomplish the objectives of this study, therefore it is imperative to make the information flow across the whole community. Hence the problem with this research work are:

1. The primary problem of the study is to evaluate the role of the Nigerian Television Authority in terms of packaging rural health care programs that will enable them to function more efficiently, accurately in improving rural health care services.

2. To find out the problem of religion and cultural value of the community. If it can make them not accept rural health programs based on television messages.

3. To find out the effort of television coverage in various health programs and to see if it can influence or improve rural health care services and the initiatives of Ugwuaji people.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The objectives of this research are as follows

1. To examine the role of the Nigerian Television Authority in the improvement of rural health care services in the Ugwuoji community.

2. To identify those factors that prevent the Nigerian Television Authority from fulfilling these roles

3. To suggest the strategies for enhancing the efforts of the Nigerian Television Authority on the crusade for the improvement of rural health care services.

1.4 Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following research questions;

1. How does television information (NTA) help the people of the Ugwuaji community to develop an interest in rural health care programs?

2. How does the Ugwuaji community embrace N.T.A. health programs on the prevention of common diseases?

3. To what extent does N.T.A. encourage healthy development in the Ugwuaji community?

4. What are those factors that prevent the Nigerian Television Authority from fulfilling these roles?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings and recommendations to be made on this study if implemented will improve the activities of the media in the area of improvement programs of rural health care services. This Nigerian Television Authority will do this by attracting health improvement programs to the rural areas through the dissemination of vital health information to both the government and the masses.

Nigerians in general will also benefit from this research. This is because the improvement of the health care services in the rural areas will make a positive impact on their lives since more than 80 percent of them live in rural areas. A healthy nation is a wealthy nation, the implementation of the findings of this study will help to build a strong virile, and self-reliant nation that would be emulated by other nations.

Through this study, the Ugwuaji community will learn some strategies on how to prevent some rampant diseases that are common in rural areas, for example, malaria.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study borders on the media and its contributions to the improvement of rural health care services. It equally extended the borderline to include the characteristics of the rural areas. The study is limited to the staff of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Enugu. The work is also expected to evaluate the health coverage on the Ugwuaji community by Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), but we would not in all expectations claim a hundred percent (100%) success, as a result of the problems that may crop during the research.

However, the study was to a reasonable extent affected by the unavailability of human resources, incredible return of our shared questionnaire, which jeopardized our explanation on some necessary aspects of the topic.

1.7 Definition of Terms: Operational Definition

Rural

This can be seen as the interior part of the countryside that is not developed.

Rural is also a non-urbanized or village community that could be located in a city, adjacent to the city, or far away from the city.

Rural Health

It is the study of health and health care delivery in rural environments. The health of the rural dwellers are critically examined and analyzed.

1.8 Assumption of the Study

It is assumed that the majority of the rural dwellers though has been threatened by one sickness or another has not adhered to instructions and warning for health, victimization. The implication of health hazards to individual life and the society in general, considering the destructive tendencies it passes on our nearest future with its promise and aspiration, need a re-addressing to improve the living standard.

Equally, we assume that the mass media is not versatile in health campaigns unless it is a bad announcement, that mass messages on health do not create a powerful effect on the public.

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