Causes of Domestic Violence and Abuse Against Women and Its Effects on Family Relationship

Causes of Domestic Violence and Abuse Against Women and Its Effects on Family Relationship

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Domestic violence against women has been a norm in society today and we have lived with it not having the feeling that it is wrong anymore (Godwin 2005). Domestic violence is a product of a long-lasting unequal power relationship between a man and a woman that has resulted in the control over and discrimination against the women by the men and the hindrance of the complete advancement by women.

Violence against women continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and maims physically, psychologically, sexually, and emotionally. It is among the increasing and fierce violations of human rights that hinder women of security, equality, personal dignity, self-worth, and the right to enjoy fundamental freedom. Domestic violence against women exists in many countries in the world, throughout the boundaries of culture, class, education, income, ethnicity, and age (Un Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women and General Assembly Resolution 1993).

Women Aid Collective (WACOL 2004) pointed out that domestic violence can be likened to anything that provokes an action taken against someone, which is capable of robbing the individual of his or her fundamental human rights. (Women Aid Collective 2004) also pointed out that domestic violence is a kind of bullying whereby an individual is dealt with physically or mal handled, hence resulting in injury on the individual just because the attacker cannot control the situation when it goes wild.

Kantor in Yogo (2008), pointed out that domestic violence is a serious global topic that is always associated with women’s segregation from supportive ties to kin. It is a very vital component of gender-based violence that has been defined as those actions and activities that can result in emotional, physical, and psychological damage to a person as a result of a mere misunderstanding (Ityavyar in Okeph, 2005). As an existing issue, violence against women, however, relates to a large spectrum of issues bothering the existence of the female gender in the family. The female counterparts suffer in their marital homes because God himself constituted marriage in the Garden of Eden and further subjected women to be helpmates. So consequently, our social system places women in an unfortunate position (Okpeh, 1999).

The Study of the Secretary-General of United Nations (2004) further explained that early marriage has to do with the marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young

The study of the Secretary-General of the United Nations (2004) explained that early marriage involves the marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young girls have not achieved full maturity and capacity to act, and cannot control their sexuality. When they marry and have children, their health can be adversely affected. Early marriage has inflicted dangerous and devastating effects on young girls who are compelled to tie the knot in most cases.

The convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) adopt in (1979) affirmed that the principle of fundamental rights and freedom of every human being is guided by a broad concept of human right that stretches beyond civil and political rights to the core issues of economic survival, health and education that affect the quality of daily life for most women and children. United Nations General Assembly (1993) postulated that violence and abusive behavior continue to be a major cause of death, injury, stress, and fear in various families. Domestic violence and abusive behavior are responsible for poor family relationships, although personality conflicts and troubles within a marriage affect intimate behavior, (Olson and Defrain 2006).

Bahai-library.com.(2000) stated that family relationship refers to unity which is strengthened by love. The members of the family all have duties and responsibilities toward one another and to the family as a whole. These duties and responsibilities vary from member to member because of their natural relationships. Such behavior can be seen in a man that stopped the wife from government employment and made her engage in preparation and sales of local wine (burukutu) for many years. The woman could not further her education after a primary school certificate.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study’s problem was based on, the researcher’s experiences, conversations, and observations on the happenings in families. Husbands and wives do not discuss family issues but husbands take sole decisions. Through interactions with friends and colleagues, women talk about their situations at home, there they are commonly abused by their spouses through battering, sexual abuse, giving out female children in marriage at the early years, and depriving them neither to participate in the decision of child marriage nor to take part in family affairs. Such early marriages limit education, affects young girls’ academic pursuits, the future compromised and other opportunities often leading to early childbearing and increased health risks. Early childbearing affects female reproductive organs and health problems such as unsafe abortion, and obstetric fistula. Husbands take decisions whether it suits the family or not. Though most wives and children suffer the consequences of the heads of the family’s decisions.

It is also observed that violation of women at home has made it women situation difficult to participate fully in issues concerning them in the home and the society. As such, women have no freedom to speak for themselves because of fear of punishment from their husbands. Men think women are meant for giving birth, taking care of the children, and doing only domestic work. The problem statement of the study, therefore, was whether domestic violence against women had effects on family relations.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study was to assess domestic violence against women in family relationships.

The specific objectives were to:

• assess the effects of spousal abuse against women on the family relationship in Taraba State;
• examine the effects of sexual abuse against women on the family relationship in Taraba State;
• identify the effects of early marriage of young girls on the family relationship in Taraba State; and
• examine the effects of deprivation of women rights in decision making on the family relationship in Taraba State.

1.4 Research Questions

This study provided answers to the following research questions

• to what extent has spousal abuse against women affected women and family relationships in Taraba State?

• what are the effects of sexual abuse against women on the family relationship in Taraba State?

• to what extent has the early marriage of young girls affected women in family relationships in Taraba State?

• to what extent has the deprivation of women’s rights in decision-making affected family relationships in Taraba State?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses were postulated:-

H01: There is no significant relationship between the effects of spousal abuse against women and family relationships in Taraba State.

H02: There is no significant relationship between the effects of sexual abuse against women and family relationships in Taraba State.

H03: There is no significant relationship between the effects of early marriage of young women and family relationships in Taraba State.

H04: There is no significant relationship between the effects of deprivation of women’s rights in decision making and family relationships in Taraba State.

1.6 Basic Assumption

• This study assumed that domestic violence against women affects women physically, morally, emotionally, and psychologically. This retards the progress of families, the state, and the nation at large.

• It is assumed that when domestic violence against women is controlled, it will reduce the rate of sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS) and there will be fewer rates of deaths in the families and state.

• It is assumed that talks on domestic violence against women will create awareness, thereby allowing women to participate in decision-making in the family which will contribute to the development of the families, state, and Nigeria as a nation.

1.7 Significance of the study

The findings of this study will help women in Taraba State to identify domestic violence. Through enlightenment, they will learn to cope with such situations and be able to enjoy their relationship in the family.

The findings of this study will enable home economists to improve the content in family life relationships through the teaching of students. It will help husband and wife to sit together to discuss family issues and take decisions.

The findings will educate individuals and families through teachings in the classrooms in Home Economics subjects and courses, through seminars, conferences, giving talks to religious organizations in the church and mosques, in public religious gatherings. The knowledge gained from such teaching will broaden the knowledge of men to consider women as instruments for change because when women are educated, the whole family will be educated either directly or indirectly.

The findings will make husbands involve their wives in decision-making for the progress of their families and to give women rights and privileges for a harmonious relationship since the genesis of human behavior starts in the home.

1.8 Delimitation of the Study

The study covered different kinds of domestic violence such as spousal abuse, sexual abuse, early marriage of young girls, and deprivation of women’s rights in decision-making on family relationships.

The reason for choosing married men and women is that they are people that have gone through violent behavior in the home. As such they are in a better position to say much about domestic violence. It was delimited to married men and women in four Local Government Areas in Taraba State.